Top Ten Beijing Tourist Attractions
Beijing is an enormous metropolis with a history going back thousands of years, every year millions of people come to Beijing to see the capital of China, a fast changing metropolitan city of old and new. There are lots of tourist attractions and historic sites in Beijing. If you only have a short stay in Beijing, please don’t miss these places to visit in Beijing.
No. 1 Tian’anmen Square ( Chinese Pinyin: tiān’ān mén 天安门 )
Tiananmen Square is the most iconic and representative place in Beijing, situated at the very heart of the city. It holds the title of the largest public square in the world. To the north of the square lies the monumental Tiananmen, which served as the entrance to the Forbidden City. On the west side, you’ll find the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂 rén mín dà huì tánɡ), a key government building. To the east is the National Museum of China(国家博物馆ɡuó jiā bó wù ɡuǎn), which showcases thousands of years of Chinese history. At the southern end, the Monument to the People’s Heroes(人民英雄纪念碑 rén mín yīnɡ xiónɡ jì niàn bēi) and Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum(毛主席纪念堂 máo zhǔ xí jì niàn tánɡ) stand as significant landmarks.
Every day, at sunrise and sunset, a solemn flag-raising and lowering ceremony is held at the square. This daily ritual is a profound experience for visitors, symbolizing the pride and unity of the Chinese people. If you are planning to visit, make sure to arrive early to secure a good viewing spot.
No. 2 Forbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) ( Chinese Pinyin: gù gōng 故宫 )
The Forbidden City (also known as Gugong) is located at the heart of Beijing, just north of Tiananmen Square. This vast imperial palace served as the home of 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Construction began during the reign of Emperor Chengzu in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and took 14 years to complete.
Ancient Chinese astronomers believed that the Purple Star (Polaris) was the center of heaven, where the Heavenly Emperor resided in the Purple Palace. On Earth, the emperor’s palace was thus named the Purple Forbidden City, now commonly known as the Forbidden City. It was forbidden to enter the palace without the emperor’s special permission, which is how it earned its name.
The Forbidden City is an architectural marvel, covering over 250 acres with more than 9,990 rooms. As you explore this historic site, be prepared for a lot of walking, so comfortable shoes are essential. The Forbidden City offers a deep dive into Chinese imperial history, with its grand halls, intricate decorations, and vast courtyards, making it a must-visit in Beijing.
No. 3 The Great Wall ( Chinese Pinyin: cháng chéng长城 )
The Great Wall of China, especially the sections near Beijing, is one of the most famous historical sites in the world. Beijing, as China’s political center, has always been a strategic location. Many dynasties built and reinforced the Great Wall here. The most well-preserved sections in Beijing were constructed during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). These walls span over 342 miles (550 kilometers) and feature around 827 city wall platforms, 71 passes, and countless watchtowers.
Badaling（八达岭 bā dá lǐnɡ） is the most popular and accessible section. It’s known for its historical significance and panoramic views. If you prefer a quieter experience, Mutianyu（慕田峪 mù tián yù） offers a mix of restored and original segments. It’s ideal for those who enjoy hiking.
For a more rugged adventure, Jinshanling（金山岭 jīn shān lǐnɡ) is perfect. This section is known for its wild terrain and fewer crowds. Jiankou(箭扣 jiàn kòu) offers steep climbs and dramatic scenery, attracting more adventurous hikers. Huanghuacheng(黄花城 huánɡ huā chénɡ) is unique because part of the wall runs into a lake, blending nature with history.
If you’re planning to hike the Great Wall, come prepared. Wear sturdy footwear, as the terrain can be uneven and steep. During summer, bring sunblock, sunglasses, and plenty of water. In winter, pack a hat and a heavy coat to stay warm in the cold winds at high altitudes.
Direction to Badaling on Google Map
Direction to Jinshanling on Google Map
Direction to Huanghuacheng on Google Map
Direction to Jiankou on Google Map
No. 4 The Summer Palace ( Chinese Pinyin: Yí Hé Yuán 颐和园 )
The Summer Palace, located in the northwest of Beijing, is the largest and most well-preserved imperial garden in China. Covering an area of 290 acres (around 70,000 square meters), it boasts over 3,000 ancient structures, including pavilions, mansions, temples, bridges, and a vast lake. This historic site served as a summer retreat for emperors during the Qing Dynasty.
Throughout its history, the Summer Palace faced significant destruction. It was first damaged by invaders in 1860 and again in 1900. However, in 1912, the Qing government initiated its reconstruction, preserving its grandeur. By 1924, the Summer Palace was opened to the public, though not all buildings are accessible.
Today, this sprawling garden remains a peaceful retreat for visitors. Tourists can leisurely stroll around the beautifully restored pavilions and temples or enjoy the serene views of the lake. Whether you’re exploring its winding pathways or simply relaxing by the water, the Summer Palace offers a unique glimpse into imperial life.
Direction to Summer Palace on Google Map
No. 5 Temple of Heaven ( Chinese Pinyin: tiān tán 天坛 )
The Temple of Heaven, located in southern Beijing, is a remarkable historical site where Ming and Qing emperors performed sacred rituals to honor the heavens. This grand complex is the largest of its kind among the several royal altars in Beijing and is dedicated to Heaven, Earth, the Sun, the Moon, and other cosmic entities.
One of the unique aspects of the Temple of Heaven is its ancient trees, especially the Chinese cypress, juniper, and scholar trees, some of which are over 600 years old. This creates a serene and timeless atmosphere within the park.
If you visit the Temple of Heaven in the early morning, you’ll experience a different side of Beijing’s culture. Groups of locals gather here to practice traditional tai chi and kung fu, turning the park into a lively yet peaceful setting. These practices are deeply rooted in Chinese culture and offer a glimpse into the local way of life.
Whether you’re interested in the spiritual significance of the temple or simply wish to observe the graceful movements of tai chi and kung fu practitioners, the Temple of Heaven provides a tranquil retreat in the midst of bustling Beijing.
Direction to Temple of Heaven on Google Map
No. 6 Hutong ( Chinese Pinyin: hútòng 胡同 )
In the historic Beijing hutong areas, visitors can explore narrow, twisting streets that showcase the “real life” of Beijing. These ancient alleyways, known as hutongs, were originally established during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) and are unique to Beijing. The word hutong is derived from a Mongolian term meaning “water well,” and these lanes have become symbolic of the city’s rich cultural heritage.
As you walk through these neighborhoods, you’ll notice traditional compact homes connected by passageways that open into shared courtyards. These hutongs not only offer a glimpse into Beijing’s past but also remain vital parts of the city, with some still serving as key residential areas. The hutongs’ preservation has allowed them to become popular tourist attractions, where visitors can experience authentic Beijing culture.
Many of the old transportation tools used within these hutongs are still preserved today, offering tourists a way to navigate these historic lanes. Whether you’re strolling through Nanluoguxiang(南锣鼓巷 nán luó ɡǔ xiànɡ) or exploring other famous hutongs, you’ll find that these areas are perfect for those interested in Beijing’s local history and culture.
Direction to Nanluoguxiang on Google Map
No. 7 The Ming Tombs ( Chinese Pinyin: míng shí sān líng 明十三陵 )
The Ming Tombs (Ming Dynasty Tombs) represent an imperial cemetery complex where 13 of the 17 emperors from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) are buried. Located 50 kilometers northwest of downtown Beijing in the Changping District, this area is known as the 13 Tombs. The site covers an expansive area of approximately 80 square kilometers and is one of the best-preserved groups of ancient tombs in the world.
The construction of the Ming Tombs began in 1409 during the reign of the Yongle Emperor and continued for over 200 years. The tombs are arranged in a carefully selected site, following traditional feng shui principles. The area is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with a river flowing nearby, which was believed to provide protection and harmony according to Chinese geomancy.
This impressive site is not only a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site but also offers a deep insight into the life and traditions of the Ming Dynasty. Each tomb is unique, reflecting the individual emperor’s life and reign. Below is a list of the 13 Ming Dynasty emperors buried in the Ming Tombs, along with their respective mausoleums:
- Chánglíng 长陵（Yǒnglè Huángdì 永乐皇帝）——朱棣 Zhū Dì (Yongle Emperor)
- Xiànlíng 献陵（Hóngxī Huángdì 洪熙皇帝）——朱高炽 Zhū Gāochì (Hongxi Emperor)
- Jǐnglíng 景陵（Xuāndé Huángdì 宣德皇帝）——朱瞻基 Zhū Zhānjī (Xuande Emperor)
- Yùlíng 裕陵（Zhèngtǒng Huángdì 正统皇帝，又称Tiānshùn Huángdì 天顺皇帝）——朱祁镇 Zhū Qízhèn (Zhengtong Emperor, also known as Tianshun Emperor)
- Màolíng 茂陵（Chénghuà Huángdì 成化皇帝）——朱见深 Zhū Jiànshēn (Chenghua Emperor)
- Tàilíng 泰陵（Hóngzhì Huángdì 弘治皇帝）——朱祐樘 Zhū Yòuchāng (Hongzhi Emperor)
- Kānglíng 康陵（Zhèngdé Huángdì 正德皇帝）——朱厚照 Zhū Hòuzhào (Zhengde Emperor)
- Yǒnglíng 永陵（Jiājìng Huángdì 嘉靖皇帝）——朱厚熜 Zhū Hòucōng (Jiajing Emperor)
- Zhāolíng 昭陵（Lóngqìng Huángdì 隆庆皇帝）——朱载垕 Zhū Zǎihòu (Longqing Emperor)
- Dìnglíng 定陵（Wànlì Huángdì 万历皇帝）——朱翊钧 Zhū Yìjūn (Wanli Emperor)
- Qìnglíng 庆陵（Tàichāng Huángdì 泰昌皇帝）——朱常洛 Zhū Chángluò (Taichang Emperor)
- Délíng 德陵（Tiānqǐ Huángdì 天启皇帝）——朱由校 Zhū Yóuxiào (Tianqi Emperor)
- Sīlíng 思陵（Chóngzhēn Huángdì 崇祯皇帝）——朱由检 Zhū Yóujiǎn (Chongzhen Emperor)
Visitors to the Ming Tombs can explore the grand stone thrones, intricate sculptures of both humans and animals, and other significant cultural artifacts found within each tomb. Each mausoleum reflects the architectural style and historical significance of its respective emperor, offering a unique glimpse into imperial China’s cultural and spiritual heritage.
Directions to The Ming Tombs on Google Map
No. 8 Lama Temple ( Chinese Pinyin: yōnghégōng 雍和宫 )
Lama Temple (Yonghe Lamasery) is situated in the northeast corner of downtown Beijing and boasts over 300 years of rich imperial and Buddhist history. It is renowned for housing the largest wooden Buddha in the world, making it a significant site for both historical and religious reasons. The temple, originally constructed in 1694 during the 33rd year of Emperor Kangxi’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, was initially the residence of Prince Yong (later Emperor Yongzheng) before his ascension to the throne.
In 1744, during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty officially transformed the residence into a lamasery, making Yonghe Lamasery the largest and best-preserved Lamasery of the Yellow Sect (Gelug) in Beijing. The temple not only played a pivotal role in the administration of Tibetan Buddhism across the Qing Empire but also mirrored the architectural grandeur of the Forbidden City.
Yonghe Lamasery, known as a “Dragon’s Hidden Blessing Ground” due to its association with both Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong, stands as a symbol of imperial and religious power. The temple’s architectural standards are on par with those of the Forbidden City, further emphasizing its significance in the Qing Dynasty’s political and religious spheres.
Direction to Lama Temp on Google Map
No. 9 Beihai Park ( Chinese Pinyin: běihǎi gōngyuán 北海公园 )
Beihai Park, located just to the northwest of the Forbidden City, is one of China’s most historically significant and well-preserved imperial gardens. Covering more than 70 hectares, with a water surface of 39 hectares, Beihai Park was once used as a winter palace by emperors of past dynasties. To its north lies the picturesque Shichahai Lake, and to the east is the renowned Jingshan Park.
As one of the oldest and most intact classical gardens in China, Beihai Park carries nearly a thousand years of history and culture, evolving through the Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. The park is a masterpiece that epitomizes the art of royal garden design in China, showcasing the culmination of traditional Chinese landscape architecture.
Highlighted Features of Beihai Park:
- Eastern Shore: Here, you’ll find a series of courtyard-style gardens such as Hao Pu Jian 濠濮间, Hua Fang Zhai 画舫斋, and Can Tan 蚕坛. These areas are nestled among ancient pines and cypresses, blending the natural beauty with the elegance reminiscent of private gardens in southern China.
- Northern Shore: Moving from east to west, the northern shore features a number of significant sites, including Jingxin Zhai 静心斋, Western Heaven Temple 西天梵境, Chengguan Hall 澄观堂, the famous Nine-Dragon Wall 九龙壁, Chanfu Temple 阐福寺, and Jile World 极乐世界. The Five-Dragon Pavilions 五龙亭 are strategically placed along the lake, harmoniously integrating with the natural landscape, creating a scene that resembles a traditional Chinese landscape painting.
- Western Shore: The western shore is adorned with lush flowers, trees, and lawns, showcasing the Chinese gardening technique known as “zang yan 障眼,” which creates hidden vistas and serene garden spaces that invite quiet reflection and exploration.
Beihai Park is not only a testament to the grandeur of Chinese imperial gardens but also a living museum of landscape art, where nature and human creativity have merged seamlessly over centuries.
Directions to Beihai Park on Google Map
No. 10 Beijing Olympic Sites ( Chinese Pinyin: àolínpǐ gōngyuán 奥林匹克公园)
The Olympic Green, National Stadium and National Aquatics Center are three architectures constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympic. The National Stadium is the centerpiece of this project.
The National Stadium is located in the Olympic Park Central Area.
The National Stadium hosted the main track and field Football, and final competitions for the 2008 Summer Olympics, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. The twig-like structure and the bowl-shaped roof are the masterpiece of the project.
The National Aquatics Center (the water cube) is next to the Bird Nest. The National Swimming Center is the only important Olympic venue that is built by donations from compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao. It has a total floor space of 50,000 square meters with a seating capacity of 17,000. The center was used for swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water-polo games during the Olympic Games 2008. After the games, the center has turned into a large water recreational center open to the public. Direction to Beijing Olympic Site on Google Map
